Were not talking the same language.

... don't forget I speak Canadian.
"Faster" to me it 'top end' ... not how fast you get there. If you have the
rev limiter set to 5000
rpm, then the 33 tooth will result in a faster (higher) speed than the 31 tooth. Simple mathematics.
"Quicker" is how fast you get there. In this case the 31 will get you to the 5000 limit in a shorter time than a 33.
The two are not equal.
So I disagree with ...
I'm saying that if I have a motor that will make power up to 5500 rpm and my current gear will only get me to 4500rpm (in 5th gear) then a lower gear will allow the bike to pull a higher rpm thus not only increasing top speed but acceleration too.
A lower gear will not allow you to pull a higher rpm. Your rpm is fixed by the mechanics of the engine. The drivetrain then determines your top speed or your acceleration based on the gearing.
Acceleration does not equal top speed .... except on the drag strip. In this case you have a fixed length of track. You also have an excess of horsepower which is needed to propel you quickly down the track .... before you run out of room. You can't compare the principles used at the track to our day to day driving .... unless all you intend on doing is getting to the next light the quickest (fastest). At the strip you can use smaller gears as you have the power to compensate for it.
I feel that if you are an aggressive rider and do a mix of highway and city, the 32 is a good compromise for the 1600 and it's certainly the right pulley for the 1700.
Any yes .... the heavier the gross weight the smaller pulley you're going to need to get the same net outcome.
Doc